Research on Luminacoids-Indeced Gastrointestinal Hormone Secretion Tohru HIRA* Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University Enteroendocrine cells function as sensor cells that detect nutrients in the lumen. “Luminacoids” include not only dietary fibers but also various food ingredients with a slow rate of digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a gastrointestinal hormone, is mainly produced in enteroendocrine cells of the lower small intestine and colon, and its secretion is enhanced by meal ingestion. GLP-1 controls various postprandial physiological responses, including alleviation of postprandial hyperglycemia through enhancing insulin secretion. If the secretion of GLP-1 can be effectively increased by low-energy food components, metabolic improvements can be expected. We employed a hydrolysate of corn zein, which is a representative poorly digestible protein, and demonstrated that it strongly promotes GLP-1 secretion in rats by oral and intestinal administration, as well as in a GLP-1-producing cell line. In addition, we revealed that GLP-1 secretion is strongly promoted by single oral administration of resistant maltodextrin (RMD) and D-allulose, which is a non-metabolizable monosaccharide. Furthermore, long-term intake of RMD increased GLP-1 production in the colon by promoting colonic fermentation, which led to improved glucose metabolism and reduction in body fat accumulation in the diet-induced obesity model. In this review, we propose that peptides and indigestible saccharides, as luminoacoids, can promote the secretion of GLP-1 and control various physiological functions, such as glucose metabolism and appetite.
Key Words: enteroendocrine cells, glucagon-like peptide-1, zein, resistant maltodextrin, D-allulose |
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